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saikosaponin A, saikosaponin B, saikosaponin B1, saikosaponin B2, saikosaponin B3, saikosaponin B4, saikosaponin C, saikosaponin D, saikosaponin K, saikosaponin L, saikosaponins

No.	Title	Href
1	The Effects and Mechanisms by which Saikosaponin-D Enhances the Sensitivity of Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Gefitinib. J Cancer. 2019 Oct 22;10(26):6666-6672. doi: 10.7150/jca.30361.	`Click`
2	Use of Saikosaponin D and JNK inhibitor SP600125, alone or in combination, inhibits malignant properties of human osteosarcoma U2 cells. Am J Transl Res. 2019 Apr 15;11(4):2070-2080.	`Click`
3	Reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis contributes to chemosensitization effect of saikosaponins on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2010;29(1):159. Published 2010 Dec 9. doi:10.1186/1756-9966-29-159	`Click`
4	Saikosaponin D reverses epinephrine- and norepinephrine-induced gemcitabine resistance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by downregulating ADRB2/glycolysis signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2023 Jul 25;55(9):1404-1414. doi: 10.3724/abbs.2023040.	`Click`

No.

Title

Href

The Effects and Mechanisms by which Saikosaponin-D Enhances the Sensitivity of Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Gefitinib. J Cancer. 2019 Oct 22;10(26):6666-6672. doi: 10.7150/jca.30361.

Click

Use of Saikosaponin D and JNK inhibitor SP600125, alone or in combination, inhibits malignant properties of human osteosarcoma U2 cells. Am J Transl Res. 2019 Apr 15;11(4):2070-2080.

Click

Reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis contributes to chemosensitization effect of saikosaponins on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2010;29(1):159. Published 2010 Dec 9. doi:10.1186/1756-9966-29-159

Click

Saikosaponin D reverses epinephrine- and norepinephrine-induced gemcitabine resistance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by downregulating ADRB2/glycolysis signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2023 Jul 25;55(9):1404-1414. doi: 10.3724/abbs.2023040.

Click

Name	Saikosaponin D
PubChem CID	107793
Molecular Weight	781.0g/mol
Synonyms	saikosaponin A, saikosaponin B, saikosaponin B1, saikosaponin B2, saikosaponin B3, saikosaponin B4, saikosaponin C, saikosaponin D, saikosaponin K, saikosaponin L, saikosaponins
Formula	C₄₂H₆₈O₁₃
SMILES	CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)CO)CCC4(C3C=CC56C4(CC(C7(C5CC(CC7)(C)C)CO6)O)C)C)C)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O
InChI	1S/C42H68O13/c1-21-28(46)33(55-34-31(49)30(48)29(47)22(18-43)53-34)32(50)35(52-21)54-27-10-11-37(4)23(38(27,5)19-44)8-12-39(6)24(37)9-13-42-25-16-36(2,3)14-15-41(25,20-51-42)26(45)17-40(39,42)7/h9,13,21-35,43-50H,8,10-12,14-20H2,1-7H3/t21-,22-,23-,24-,25-,26-,27+,28+,29-,30+,31-,32-,33+,34+,35+,37+,38+,39-,40+,41-,42+/m1/s1
InChIKey	KYWSCMDFVARMPN-LCSVLAELSA-N
CAS Number	20874-52-6
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL3613719
Toxicity	Organism	Test Type	Route(Dose)
	rat	LD50	intraperitoneal(165 mg/kg)
	mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal(254 mg/kg)
	rat	LD50	oral(322 mg/kg)
Structure			Download 2D MOL 3D MOL

Chineses Pinyin	ChaiHu
Use Part	Root
Habitat	HuBei, SiChuan, AnHui
Flavor	Pungent, Bitter
Meridian Tropism	Liver, Gallbladder, Lung
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Apiales 　　　　-->Family: Apiaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Bupleurum 　　　　　　-->Species: Bupleurum scorzonerifolium

Chineses Pinyin	QianHu
Use Part	Root
Habitat	ZheJiang, HuNan, SiChuan
Flavor	Bitter, Pungent
Meridian Tropism	Lung
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Apiales 　　　　-->Family: Apiaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Peucedanum 　　　　　　-->Species: Peucedanum praeruptorum

Chineses Pinyin	ZhuYeChaiHu
Use Part	Root
Habitat	SiChuan, GuiZhou, YunNan, XiZang, ChongQing, ShanXi, HeNan, AnHui, HuBei, HuNan, JiangXi
Flavor	Bitter
Meridian Tropism	Liver, Gallbladder
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Apiales 　　　　-->Family: Apiaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Bupleurum 　　　　　　-->Species: Bupleurum marginatum

Chineses Pinyin	ZiHuaQianHu
Use Part	Root
Habitat	LiaoNing, HeBei, Shaanxi, HeNan, SiChuan, HuBei, AnHui, JiangSu, ZheJiang, JiangXi, GuangXi, GuangDong, TaiWan
Flavor	Bitter, Pungent
Meridian Tropism	Lung
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Apiales 　　　　-->Family: Apiaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Angelica 　　　　　　-->Species: Angelica decursiva

Chineses Pinyin	DaYeChaiHu
Use Part	Root
Habitat	HuBei, SiChuan, AnHui
Flavor	Bitter
Meridian Tropism	Liver, Gallbladder, Lung

Chineses Pinyin	HongChaiHu
Use Part	Root
Habitat	HeiLongJiang, JiLin, LiaoNing, HeBei, ShanDong, ShanXi, Shaanxi, JiangSu, AnHui, GuangXi, NeiMengGu, GanSu
Flavor	Pungent, Bitter
Meridian Tropism	Liver, Gallbladder
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Apiales 　　　　-->Family: Apiaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Bupleurum 　　　　　　-->Species: Bupleurum scorzonerifolium

Chineses Pinyin	XiaoYeHeiChaiHu
Use Part	Root
Habitat	NeiMengGu, GanSu, NingXia, QingHai
Flavor	Bitter
Meridian Tropism	Lung, Heart, Liver, Gallbladder
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Apiales 　　　　-->Family: Apiaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Bupleurum 　　　　　　-->Species: Bupleurum smithii

Pair Name	Saikosaponin D, Gefitinib
Partner Name	Gefitinib
Disease Info	[ICD-11: 2C25.Z]	Lung cancer		Investigative
Biological Phenomena	Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation	Down-regulation	Phosphorylation	STAT3	hsa6774
Gene Regulation	Down-regulation	Expression	BCL2	hsa596
In Vitro Model	NCI-H1975	Lung adenocarcinoma	Homo sapiens (Human)	CVCL_1511
	HCC827	Lung adenocarcinoma	Homo sapiens (Human)	CVCL_2063
	PC-9	Lung adenocarcinoma	Homo sapiens (Human)	CVCL_B260
	HCC827-GR-high1	Lung adenocarcinoma	Homo sapiens (Human)	CVCL_S703
	Hep-G2	Hepatoblastoma	Homo sapiens (Human)	CVCL_0027
In Vivo Model	Mice were intraperitoneally injected with HCC827/GR (1×10⁷) cells in the dorsal region.
Result	These results indicated that the combination of SSD with gefitinib had an increased antitumor effect in NSCLC cells and that the molecular mechanisms were associated with the inhibition of STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Our findings suggest a promising approach for the treatment of NSCLC patients with EGFR-TKI resistance.

Pair Name	Saikosaponin D, 1,9-Pyrazoloanthrone
Partner Name	1,9-Pyrazoloanthrone
Disease Info	[ICD-11: 2B51]	Osteosarcoma		Investigative
Biological Phenomena	Induction-->Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis
Gene Regulation	Down-regulation	Phosphorylation	AKT1	hsa207
	Up-regulation	Expression	BAX	hsa581
	Down-regulation	Expression	BCL2	hsa596
	Up-regulation	Expression	CASP3	hsa836
In Vitro Model	U2OS	Osteosarcoma	Homo sapiens (Human)	CVCL_0042
Result	A dramatic inhibition of cellular proliferation, invasion, and migration in cells treated with Ssd alone or in combination with SP600125 was observed

Pair Name	Saikosaponin D, Cisplatin
Partner Name	Cisplatin
Disease Info	[ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z]	Solid tumour or cancer		Investigative
Biological Phenomena	Induction-->ROS-mediated apoptosis
Gene Regulation	Up-regulation	Cleavage	CASP3	hsa836
Gene Regulation	Up-regulation	Cleavage	PARP1	hsa142
In Vitro Model	HeLa	Human papillomavirus-related cervical adenocarcinoma	Homo sapiens (Human)	CVCL_0030
Result	These results suggest that saikosaponins sensitize cancer cells to cisplatin through ROS-mediated apoptosis, and the combination of saikosaponins with cisplatin could be an effective therapeutic strategy.